Determining that reform strategies are effective before implementing them is one of the requirements of the Comprehensive School Reform program. The 2001 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA, commonly known as No Child Left Behind) requires that only those strategies and methods proven effective by the standard of scientifically based research should be included in school reform programs. As defined in the ESEA, "scientifically based research" emphasizes experimental and quasi-experimental studies that are systematic, empirical, well designed, replicable, and have been accepted by independent reviewers.
Source: Comprehensive School Reform Program Office, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, U.S. Department of Education (2002). Scientifically Based Research and the Comprehensive School Reform (CSR) Program.